In the EU, type certification is the responsibility of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and means that the design and production (processes) of an aircraft type are certified by this body. Type certification is a long and expensive process.

Terminology:

JAR : Joint Aviation Regulation. The JAA regulations are layed down in JAR's.
AMC : Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC). Illustrates a means by wich a specification contained in an airworthiness code or a requirement in an implementing rule, can be met.
GM : Guidance Material. Helps to illustrate the meaning of a specification or requirement

Type Certification

Regulation (EC) 1702/2003: Implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organisations.

Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) & Guidance Material (GM)	Part 21	Design, Production
Certification Specifications (Airworthisness Codes)	-	Specifications

Regulation (EC) 2042/2003: Implementing Rules, on the continuing airworthiness of aircraft and aeronautical products, parts and appliances, and on the approval of organisations and personnel involved in these tasks

Continuing Airworthiness	AMC & GM, Part M	Operational
Maintenance Organisation Approvals	AMC & GM, Part 145	Operational
Certifying Staff	AMC & GM, Part 66	Operational
Training Organisation Requirements	AMC & GM, Part 147	Operational

Website of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)

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